Overview: Fes
Fes , often spelled Fez in English, is widely regarded as the spiritual and cultural capital of Morocco . Located in the northern part of the country, about 3 hours south of Meknes and 4 hours inland from Chefchaouen , Fes is one of the oldest continuously inhabited medieval cities in the world .
Founded in the 8th and 9th centuries by Idris I and II—Morocco’s first Muslim dynasty—the city became a major center of learning, trade, religion, and craftsmanship. It was once home to the world’s first university , Al Quaraouiyine, established in 859 AD.
Today, Fes remains a living museum with its ancient medina, Fes el-Bali , preserved in time and recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1981. The city is known for its narrow winding alleys, stunning Islamic architecture, vibrant souks, and traditional leather tanneries .
While the old city preserves its medieval soul, modern Fes (known as Fes Jadid and Ville Nouvelle ) offers contemporary amenities, making the city a blend of past and present.
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🕌 The Old Medina – Fes el-Bali
At the heart of Fes lies Fes el-Bali , one of the world’s largest car-free urban areas. This labyrinth of narrow streets, hidden courtyards, and historic monuments feels like stepping back in time.
Walking through its alleys, you’ll encounter thousands of artisans , from weavers and metalworkers to potters and bookbinders, continuing centuries-old traditions passed down through generations.
Key landmarks within the medina include:
- Al Quaraouiyine University and Mosque : Founded in 859 by Fatima al-Fihri, it is considered the oldest existing and continually operating university in the world.
- Al Attarine Madrasa : A stunning example of Marinid-era architecture, adorned with intricate zellige tilework, carved cedarwood, and stucco details.
- Bab Bou Jeloud : The iconic blue-and-green gate that serves as the main entrance to the medina.
- Tanners Square (Chouara Tannery) : One of the most famous sights in Fes, where dyes of vivid colors fill stone vats and workers still use traditional methods to soften and color leather.
- Mosque of Abu Madyan : An important religious site located on the outskirts of the medina.
🛍️ Bustling Souks & Artisan Culture
The souks of Fes are among the most authentic and extensive in Morocco. Unlike Marrakech’s more tourist-friendly markets, Fes’ souks retain their local character.
From spices and textiles to handcrafted lanterns, ceramics, and Berber carpets, every corner reveals something new. Some notable souk areas include:
- Souk Seffarine – For metalwork and cookware
- Souk Smata – Famous for slippers and leather goods
- Souk Henna – Named after the henna vendors who set up near mosques
🕌 Fes Jedid – The New City
Outside the old walls lies Fes Jedid , or “New Fes,” built during the 13th century under the Marinid dynasty. While not truly “new,” this area includes:
- Royal Palace (Dar el-Makhzen) – Known for its impressive golden gates and grand courtyards
- Jewish Quarter (Mellah) – Established in the 15th century, it reflects the historical presence of a thriving Jewish community in Fes
🌿 Green Spaces & Surroundings
Though rich in history, Fes also offers peaceful green spaces such as:
- Jardin Jnan Sbil – A beautiful public garden blending French and Moroccan design
- Bou Inania Madrasa – A rare example of a madrasa open to non-Muslim visitors, showcasing exquisite Andalusian architecture
Nearby attractions include:
- Volubilis – A UNESCO-listed Roman ruin site
- Meknes – Another imperial city with a rich heritage
- Middle Atlas Mountains – Ideal for nature lovers and hiking
⭐ Why Visit Fes?
- 🧭 Explore the world’s oldest university
- 📜 Witness centuries-old artisan crafts and techniques
- 👓 Get lost in the maze-like largest car-free urban area in the world
- 🐄 See the iconic leather dyeing tanneries
- 🏛️ Discover some of the finest examples of Islamic architecture
- 🥘 Taste traditional Moroccan dishes like b’stilla (savory pie), tagines, and msemen (flatbread)
✨ Final Thoughts
Fes is not just a destination—it’s an experience. It offers a rare opportunity to step into a living medieval city , where the echoes of history can be felt in every stone, scent, and sound. Whether you’re a lover of culture, architecture, food, or photography, Fes will captivate your senses and leave a lasting impression.
